You may have seen one of the three press releases issued last week by Surf Air — now called Surf Air Mobility — announcing a slew of transactions. If you’re like me, you started to read, your eyes glazed over, and then you just gave up. But then I was able to make some calls, and now I understand what’s happening. There are five different entities involved, and the end result is a really big commuter airline with a plan for hybrid power.

I haven’t thought much about Surf Air in a long time. The airline made something of a splash when it started flying within California as a subscription service. It went through all sorts of headaches when it decided to have a third party operate flights for it. There were lawsuits flying around about who owe money to whom, but it eventually settled down. It bought RISE back in 2017 and expanded to Texas.

Today, Surf Air is still flying with schedule operations mostly if not entirely in California — I think the Texas stuff is gone — along with charter operations that can go anywhere. The airline currently uses four Pilatus PC-12s which are operated by Advanced Air.

From this modest position, Surf Air is planning for big change. First up, it’s going public in a very roundabout way that is also quite fashionable. It is merging with Tuscan Holdings Corp II. I’m sure you’re all familiar with Tuscan, right? Of course you aren’t, because it’s just a SPAC.

For those who haven’t followed the whole SPAC (special-purpose acquisition company) trend, this is basically the idea of pooling money and then looking for a place to put it. Tuscan raised money through an initial public offering in 2019, and it has now found its target in Surf Air.

Who are these people? The company’s SEC filing says, “Our management team consists of experienced deal makers, operators, and investors who have worked with blank check companies and in the legal cannabis industry.” Since Surf Air has been repeatedly calling itself “a company working to accelerate the adoption of green aviation,” Tuscan probably got confused and thought “green” meant something entirely different.

Tuscan’s CEO, it turns out, made his money in propane (but probably not propane accessories) before creating a private equity fund in the ’90s.

I’m getting on a tangent here. The point of even saying this is that Tuscan has no aviation background, and it is coming into this as an investor. Surf Air Mobility will now be the surviving public entity, and it will have nearly $500 million to grow and do things that it might not otherwise be able to do.

So, what exactly does it want to do? Well, that’s where we get into the next piece of the puzzle. Surf Air will acquire Southern Airways Corporation, the large Grand Caravan operator that flies under the Southern Airways Express brand in mostly-essential air service (EAS) markets as well as under the Mokulele name in Hawai’i.

This does a couple of things for Surf Air. First, it provides an actual operating certificate which Surf can and will use to operate its fleet of PC-12s. The deal with Advanced Air will presumably disappear as soon as Southern can get those airplanes on its certificate, after closing of course.

This will then do the same thing that Southern was able to do for Mokulele. Using the 9X code, Surf Air flights will now be able to be sold in global distribution systems like Sabre, and they will work with Southern’s interline agreements with the big guys.

Didn’t I say Surf was a membership organization? Yes, but that is likely also changing. The existing product isn’t going anywhere, but if the planes are going, why not also sell those through the GDS if people prefer to buy a one-off? That’s the plan, as I understand it.

This will result in all brands being kept, so you’ll have Mokulele dedicated to Hawai’i, Southern as the primary EAS operator with lower fare flying, and Surf Air as the higher-priced, often more corporate-focused offering. And it’s that last piece where they think there’s real opportunity to grow. They’ve signed a deal with Signature Aviation to help support Surf Air’s growth.

The problem, however, is that to really figure out how to grow, they need to reduce their unit costs to make markets viable. And that’s where the next prong of this deal comes into play.

Surf Air has also entered into agreements with both MagniX and AeroTEC to produce a hybrid power option for the Caravan. MagniX has already developed an electric powerplant for the Caravan and it has flown, but it doesn’t work well if you’re a charter operator that needs charging capabilities in every airport.

The solution for now is the same solution that propelled the Prius to fame before Teslas and all the rest of the electrics showed up on the roads. MagniX will build a hybrid powerplant that will reduce fuel cost by at least 25 percent. This requires no external charging, but it will also make, in Surf’s estimation, a bunch of new routes feasible with this lower cost structure. Eventually, electric will be an option too, but the hybrid piece will be ready in 2 years, much sooner.

Surf is developing this as a proprietary technology. MagniX will build it, AeroTEC will do the engineering and work required to get it approved by the FAA, and then Surf can put this on the Southern/Mokulele Grand Caravans. The airplanes will fly for all three brands with Surf being able to grow the most.

As an added bonus, since Surf is developing this with the other two vendors, it will be able to make money by selling this powerplant to other operators who want to use it as well. I assume but have no confirmation that this structure is because MagniX needed money to develop this, and Surf is now flush with cash thanks to the weed SPAC.

It’s all clear as mud, right? I now understand the rationale for this whole deal, or, well, I suppose there are multiple rationales depending upon which angle you’re coming from. This is somewhat risky since it requires new technology to work and get approved, but… there seems to be plenty of money out there right now.